Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences

en Identification of CTLA-4 +49 A/G (Rs231775) Polymorphism in Diabetic Retinopathy and its Allelic Association with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors عمومى General پژوهشي orginal article Background & Aim: The Study investigates the association between the CTLA-4 +49 A/G (rs231775) polymorphism and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods & Materials: Fifty cases with diabetic retinopathy were compared to fifty healthy controls. Blood samples were subjected to ARMS-PCR with primers specific to the CTLA-4 +49 A/G (rs231775) gene. Results: Hypertension was identified as a co-factor for diabetic retinopathy, with an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% CI: 0.45-4.85). Furthermore, the A allele was more frequently observed in patients with a history of myocardial infarction than the G allele, with counts of 25 versus 10 and 11 versus 4 (p = 0.455). The A allele was also more prevalent in the hyperlipidemia group than the G allele, with frequencies of 34 versus 1 and 9 versus 6 (p = 0.255). Hyperlipidemia was recognized as a co-factor for diabetic retinopathy, with an odds ratio of 2.25 (95% CI: 0.42-12.65). The A allele showed an odds ratio of 3.85 (95% CI: 1.95-7.99), indicating an increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. The AG genotype was significantly more common in the diabetic retinopathy group compared to the control group (31 versus 11) (p = 0.003), and this genotype was associated with a higher risk for diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio: 12.2, 95% CI: 4.56-41.85). The AA genotype was more frequently observed in the diabetic retinopathy group than the control group (15 versus 22) (p = 0.312) (odds ratio: 3.2, 95% CI: 0.598-7). Conclusion: The AG genotype and the A allele were more prevalent in patients with diabetic retinopathy, suggesting that they may be risk factors. The AA genotype, the AG genotype, and the G allele exhibited significant associations with diabetic retinopathy. Allele, Diabetic retinopathy, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Obesity, Polymorphism 370 376 http://ijrabms.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-473-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Praneeth Putti praneeth84@gmail.com 10031947532846005522 10031947532846005522 Yes Department of Ophthalmology, Mallareddy Institute of Medical Sciences, GHMC Quthbullapur, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Karnati Rohith 10031947532846005523 0009-0006-8689-2004 No Associate Professor, General Medicine, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Kovur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Vijaya bhaskar Potuganti drvijayanat@gmail.com 10031947532846005524 10031947532846005524 No Department of Anatomy, MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, India M Lakshmi Surya Prabha mlspspm@yahoo.com 10031947532846005525 10031947532846005525 No Addl DME, Director (Research & Development), Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Gunadala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India Juhi Aggarwal jaggarwal38@gmail.com 10031947532846005526 10031947532846005526 No 5Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, U.P., India Nasrin 10031947532846005527 10031947532846005527 No Senior General Ophthalmologist & Cornea specialist, Director of Medical Administration & Training, Sankar Foundation Eye Hospital, NaiduThota, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India Meraj Mohiuddin 10031947532846005528 10031947532846005528 No General Medicine, Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, A.P, India Shabana Shireen 10031947532846005529 10031947532846005529 No Department of Biochemistry, Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, A.P, India. Babulal s research.nmch1@rediffmail.com 10031947532846005530 0009-0006-8887-6198 No Department of Pulmonology, Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, India Swarna deepak Kuragayala Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana. India 10031947532846005531 10031947532846005531 No Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Health City, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Mahaboob Vali Shaik 10031947532846005532 10031947532846005532 No Department of Research, Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India.