en Other Other پژوهشي orginal article <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Background</strong> Moringa oleifera, Anogeissus leiocarpus, and Commiphora africana are medicinal plants traditionally<br> used for managing pain and inflammation. Despite documented pharmacological properties, the comparative evaluation<br> of their analgesic activities using standardized peripheral and central pain models is limited.This study evaluated and<br> compared the analgesic activities, phytochemical profiles, and acute toxicity of methanol extracts of M. oleifera seeds,<br> A. leiocarpus leaves, and C. africana leaves in Swiss albino mice.<br> <strong>Methods</strong> Plant materials were extracted with methanol and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Acute<br> oral toxicity was evaluated using Lorke&rsquo;s method. Analgesic effects were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced<br> writhing assay and the hot plate method at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg (i.p.). Piroxicam (10 mg/kg) and<br> pentazocine (1 mg/kg) served as standard drugs.<br> <strong>Results</strong> All extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, with terpenoids detected only in M.<br> oleifera and steroids only in A. leiocarpus. LD₅₀ values were > 5000 mg/kg for M. oleifera and A. leiocarpus, and<br> 1264.9 mg/kg for C. africana. In the acetic acid-induced writhing assay, a significant, dose-dependent reduction<br> in abdominal constrictions was observed in the extract-treated group. Similarly, in the hot plate test, all extracts<br> significantly prolonged reaction latencies, with C. africana at 600 mg/kg approaching the activity of pentazocine.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong> Methanol extracts of M. oleifera, A. leiocarpus, and C. africana possess significant peripheral and central<br> analgesic activities, likely mediated by their bioactive phytoconstituents. The study supports their ethnomedicinal use<br> in pain management and highlights C. africana&rsquo;s potent central analgesic activity but narrower safety margin. Further<br> bioassay-guided and mechanistic studies are warranted.</span></span> Acute toxicity, Analgesic activity, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Commiphora africana, Moringa oleifera, Phytochemicals 390 397 http://ijrabms.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-570-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Albashir Tahir albashirtahir@sazu.edu.ng 10031947532846005542 10031947532846005542 Yes Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Sa'adu Zungur University, Bauchi State Musab Abba Usman abbamusab7@gmail.com 10031947532846005543 10031947532846005543 No Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Sa'adu Zungur University, Bauchi State Ibrahim Khaleel Muazu ibrahimkhaleel@fedpodam.edu.ng 10031947532846005544 10031947532846005544 No Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria Muhammad Muhammad Lawan mkgashua@gmail.com 10031947532846005545 10031947532846005545 No Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria Muslim Ahmad Muhammad muslim.ahmad46@gmail.com 10031947532846005546 10031947532846005546 No Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Sa'adu Zungur University, Bauchi State Sanusi Ahmad ahmadsanusi@sazu.edu.ng 10031947532846005547 10031947532846005547 No Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Sa'adu Zungur University, Bauchi State Saddam Ahmad ahmadsaddam554@gmail.com 10031947532846005548 10031947532846005548 No Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Sa'adu Zungur University, Bauchi State