Volume 6, Issue 2 (April 2020)
Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences 2020, 6(2): 90-95 |
Back to browse issues page
Assistant professor of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , hamidrezamehryar2010@gmail.com
Abstract: (2855 Views)
Background & Aims: Substance abuse is a social disorder that affects the physical, mental, and social health of the victims. It is recognized as a disease whereby the patient loses his control over the behavior-reward system and compulsively insists on repeating an action with adverse effects. In this correlative descriptive study, we have investigated the effect of mindfulness on temptation and emotional schema with a mediator role of substance craving in drug addicts.
Materials & Methods: We have studied 253 drug addicts referred to Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center in Urmia, Iran in 2018, among which 150 samples were selected based on Krejcie & Morgan Table and using randomized multistage cluster method. Data collection was performed using Beck’s Craving Belief Questionnaire (CBQ), Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) with respective reliabilities of 0.80, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively.
Results: A sample of 70 subjects (51 men and 19 women) aged 31-45 years participated in the study. Results of the correlation matrix showed a positive and significant relationship between variables at 1% and a confidence level of 99%. The model of temptation and emotional schema with a direct impact of mindfulness and substance craving, and direct effects of the synthetic model of mindfulness and substance craving were fit and significant at 1% and confidence level of 99%. Indirect effects of the synthetic model were acceptable at 1%, implying that mediator role of substance craving in the relationship between mindfulness with temptation and emotional schema in subjects who suffered from substance abuse is effective.
Conclusion: We concluded that addiction treatment centers employ friendly staff and provide patients with training services to stimulate their lost sense of masculinity and help ease their return to normal life.
Materials & Methods: We have studied 253 drug addicts referred to Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center in Urmia, Iran in 2018, among which 150 samples were selected based on Krejcie & Morgan Table and using randomized multistage cluster method. Data collection was performed using Beck’s Craving Belief Questionnaire (CBQ), Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) with respective reliabilities of 0.80, 0.82, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively.
Results: A sample of 70 subjects (51 men and 19 women) aged 31-45 years participated in the study. Results of the correlation matrix showed a positive and significant relationship between variables at 1% and a confidence level of 99%. The model of temptation and emotional schema with a direct impact of mindfulness and substance craving, and direct effects of the synthetic model of mindfulness and substance craving were fit and significant at 1% and confidence level of 99%. Indirect effects of the synthetic model were acceptable at 1%, implying that mediator role of substance craving in the relationship between mindfulness with temptation and emotional schema in subjects who suffered from substance abuse is effective.
Conclusion: We concluded that addiction treatment centers employ friendly staff and provide patients with training services to stimulate their lost sense of masculinity and help ease their return to normal life.
Type of Study: orginal article |
Subject:
Special
References
1. Ekhtiari H, Behzadi A, Oghabian M, Edalati H, Mokri A. Evaluation of visual cues inducing drug craving in intravenous heroin users. Adv Cogn Sci 2006;8(3):43-51. [Google Scholar]
2. Alam Mehrjerdi Z, Mokri A, Ekhtiari H. Human Laboratory Settings for Assessing Drug Craving Implications for the Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience 2011;2(3):5-11. [Address]
3. Martel MO, Dolman AJ, Edwards RR, Jamison RN, Wasan AD. The association between negative affect and prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain: the mediating role of opioid craving. J Pain. 2014;15(1):90-100. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.09.014] [PMID] [PMCID]
4. Witkiewitz K, Bowen S, Douglas H, Hsu SH. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addict Behav 2013;38(2):1563-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Franken IH, Kroon LY, Wiers RW, Jansen A. Selective cognitive processing of drug cues in heroin dependence. J Psychopharmacol. 2000;14(4):395-400. [DOI:10.1177/026988110001400408] [PMID]
6. Tiffany ST, Wray J. The continuing conundrum of craving. 2009. [PubMed]
7. Thimm JC. Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry.2010;41(4):373-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.009] [PMID]
8. Malinowski P. Neural mechanisms of attentional control in mindfulness meditation. Front Neurosci. 2013;7:8. [DOI:10.3389/fnins.2013.00008] [PMID] [PMCID]
9. Ma SH, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects. J Consult Clin Psychol 2004;72(1):31. [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.72.1.31] [PMID]
10. Khanzadeh M, Edrisi F, Muhammadkhani S, Saidian M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of Emotional Schema Scale. J Clin Psychol 2013;3(11):91-119.
11. Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment 2006;13(1):27-45. [DOI:10.1177/1073191105283504] [PMID]
12. Somoza E, Baker S, Himmler C, LoCastro J, Mezinskis J, Simon S, et al. The Brief Substance Craving Scale-measuring craving in clinical trials. NIDA Res Monogr 1999;180:304-7.
13. Franken IH, Hendriks VM, Van den Brink W. Initial validation of two opiate craving questionnaires: the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire. Addict Behav 2002;27(5):675-85. [DOI:10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00201-5]
14. Besharat M, Ranjbar NF, Rostami R. a comparative study of family function of patients with substance use disorders of opioid and families normaL Individuals. 2008. [Google Scholar]
15. Mokri A, Ekhtiari H, Edalati H, Ganjgahi H, Naderi P. Relationship between craving intensity and risky behaviors and impulsivity factors in different groups of opiate addicts. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol 2008;14(3):258-68. [Google Scholar]
16. Mokri A, Ekhtiari H, Edalati H, Ganjgahi H. Relationship between degree of craving and different dimensions of addiction severity in heroin intravenous users. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol 2008;14(3):298-306. [Google Scholar]
17. Bowen S, Chawla N, Collins SE, Witkiewitz K, Hsu S, Grow J, et al. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Subst Abus 2009;30(4):295-305. [DOI:10.1080/08897070903250084] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Kinchla MS. Mindfulness and sustained recovery from alcoholism: Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology; 2009. [Proquest]
19. Bowen S. Effects of mindfulness-based instructions on negative affect, urges and smoking: University of Washington; 2008. [Proquest]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |