en Other Other پژوهشي orginal article <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span arial=""><span style="color:black">Background </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black">&nbsp;The evaluation of drug-excipient incompatibility is a crucial step in pre-formulation studies, as drug-excipient interaction can have an impact on drug stability and bioavailability. The right selection of excipients is the key to developing successful drug delivery systems or dosage forms. This study is focused on assessing amoxicillin-lactose incompatibility reactions in the solid state through physicochemical techniques.</span></span></span></span><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span arial=""><span style="color:black">Methods</span></span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black">The mixture of amoxicillin and lactose was made in a 1:1 mass ratio, added to 20% (w/v) water, and kept in closed vials at 60&deg;C. The direct compression method was utilized to prepare amoxicillin, amoxicillin-lactose, and lactose tablets. The manufactured tablets were stored at a temperature of 60&deg;C. Finally, amoxicillin-lactose incompatibility in the solid state was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared and differential scanning calorimetry methods over 4 weeks.</span></span></span></span><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span arial=""><span style="color:black">Results</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"> Physicochemical methods, including differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and visual observation, confirmed incompatibility between amoxicillin and lactose.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span arial=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"> It is concluded that using lactose in solid pharmaceutical preparations of amoxicillin will result in compatibility problems.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp;</span> Amoxicillin, Excipient, Incompatibility, Lactose, Physicochemical, Solid 290 294 http://ijrabms.umsu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-90-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Faranak Ghaderi f.ghaderi1390@gmail.com 10031947532846005054 10031947532846005054 Yes Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Azin Jahangiri jahangiri.az@gmail.com 10031947532846005055 10031947532846005055 No Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Saeed Fatemi Rad saeedfatemirad@gmail.com 10031947532846005056 10031947532846005056 No Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran