1 Urmia University of Medical Sciences 90 Special Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis and Immune System; A Brief Review Hosseini Jazani Nima b Shahabi Shahram c b LABiomed, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, United State c Hyland's Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States 1 5 2019 5 2 77 81 12 05 2019 The gut Microbiota is the large population of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract. The gut Microbiota constantly interacts with the various host organs and systems. While there are many protective functions due to the gut Microbiota, changes in the composition and function of the Microbiota, which is defined as dysbiosis, has been shown in several diseased conditions. The gut Microbiota affect the immune system. While normal gut Microbiota are essential for existence of a normal immune system, dysbiosis can result in deviation of immune responses. In this article, we will talked the effects of the gut Microbiota on different elements of immune system.
89 Special Probiotics and Metabolic Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes: A Review Article Dolatkhah Neda d Hajifaraji Majid e d Assistant Professor, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran e Associate Professor, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 82 97 12 05 2019 Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic problem of gestation. In contrast to subjects without diabetes, women with GDM are at advanced risk of adverse maternal and fetal consequences without intervention. The current and unanticipated growth in the prevalence of gestational diabetes and the middling outcomes of dietary manipulations could somewhat be because of incuriosity to or failure in changing the different combination and unsuitable intestinal micro flora which happens frequently in the second half of pregnancy particularly when complemented with overweight/obesity. In the range of lifestyle-related aspects, probiotics are suggested as part of a balanced diet, low-cost, feasible and potentially impressive strategy to manage this health problem. The objective of this review paper is to review the related studies pursuant to the significance of probiotics and their impression in prohibition and management of GDM. Electronic search was performed in databases, including Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, Cochrane central, Google Scholar, ISC, Magiran, IranMedex, SID, and MedLib. Evidence proposes that manipulation of gut microbiota during pregnancy by certain probiotics in high risk pregnant women may be of pronounced advantage for better metabolic profile of pregnant women and their offspring.   87 Special Epidemiology and clinical features of infective endocarditis: A retrospective study of 57 patients in a tertiary university hospital in Iran Saeidi Kia S f Nejadrahim E g Nejadrahim R h Behnamoon M i f Medical student, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran g Pharmacy student, Student research center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran h MD, Assistant professor, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran i MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 98 102 12 05 2019 Background & Aims:  Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening infectious disease. In order to define the epidemiologic characteristics of infective endocarditis in our region, we studied infective endocarditis cases over a 7-year period in tertiary teaching and referral hospitals. Materials and Methods: Medical records of all hospitalized patients diagnosed with IE at teaching hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2009 to 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who met the modified Duke criteria for definite or possible IE were included. Results: The study included 57 patients (35 males, 22 females; mean age 40 years) who were diagnosed as having definite IE, according to the modified Duke criteria. 15 cases (26.31%) had Rheumatic heart diseases, 12 cases (21.06%) had End Stage Renal Disease, 6 cases (10.53%) had Congenital Heart Disease, 10 cases (17.54%) had Injection Drug User and 14 cases (24.57%) had no significant cardiac disease. The primary clinical manifestations that were observed included 48 cases with fever (84.2%), 35 cases with anemia (61.4%) and 6 cases (11.1%) with altered mental status. Of the total 57 patients, blood cultures were positive in 52 (64.91%) of cases. the leading causative microorganism were Staphylococcus aureus, isolated in 19 cases (51.35%), followed by Gram negative bacilli in 6 cases (16.22%) and Streptococcus spp. in 12 cases (32.43%). In-hospital death 0ccurred in 9 patients (16.7%). Conclusion: Changes in IE profile required continuous epidemiological updates. In this study, IE were most common in men. Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus spp. Remain the most common etiologic agents. ESRD and IDU was important predisposing factors for IE. 88 Special Follicular growth and atresia and morphometric alteration of uterine tissue following letrozole administration in mature NMRI mice Zeinalivand Selda j Parivar Kazem k Hayati Roudbari Nasim l j Department of Biology, Science and Research Campus, Azad University, Tehran, Iran k Department of Biology, Science and Research Campus, Azad University, Tehran, Iran l Department of Biology, Science and Research Campus, Azad University, Tehran, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 103 110 12 05 2019 Background & Aims:  Letrozole, as an aromatase inhibitor drug, is administrated to induce ovulation in individuals with anovulation disorder and, at the same time, it is used to enhance pregnancy success. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Letrozole on follicular growth/atresia, as well as uterine histology. For this purpose, 15 mature female NMRI mice were assigned into 3 groups (NO=5 in each group): Control, Control sham, which received double distilled water, orally and experimental group received 0.5 mg/kg letrozole, orally. Materials & Methods:  Following 14 days, the animals were euthanized and, the follicular number and percentage of atresia at different stages of growth and the morphometric changes of uterine tissue were analyzed and compared between groups. Results:  The animals in experimental group represented no significant changes in primary, secondary, tertiary follicles, but exhibited a remarkable (p<0.05) reduction in graafian follicles number per two ovaries versus control and control-sham animals. Moreover, the letrozole -received mice exhibited diminished percentages of graafian follicles compared to control and control-sham animals. Finally, the endometrial thickness, as well as endometrial glands distribution per one mm2 of tissue were decreased in experimental group when compared to control and control-sham animals. Conclusion: Letrozole significantly reduces the graafian  follicles atresia and via this mechanism up-regulates the ovulation ratio. However, it is able to prolong uterine development during a menstrual cycle. 83 General The mesenteric lymph nodes pathology by nymph stage of Linguatula serrata in cattle Yakhchali Mohammad m Tehrani AliAsghar n m Department of Pathobiology, Parasitology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran n Department of Pathobiology, Parasitology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 111 115 28 04 2019 Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan and zoonotic parasite which occurs in carnivores (definitive host) and herbivores animals (intermediate host). Present study was aimed to find out the pathological changes of affected mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) by nymph stage of L. serrata in cattle. Carcasses of slaughtered cattle were inspected directly and infected MLNs with L. serrata were collected. Infected MLNs were fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Prepared sections were stained by Hematoxyline-Eosin (H&E) and examined. The MLNs were grossly enlarged, smooth and edematous with cystic areas which nymph stages scattered throughout the lymph nodes. Histopathology changes were included inflammatory reactions brought about by the parasite on the lymph nodes. Reticuloendothelial proliferation resulted in macrophage accumulation, many of these reaction patterns included granulomata. The vascular lesion included prevascular cuffing and mild vaculities. The lymphocytes reduced in number with apoptotic cell death. In view of the consumption of raw or undercooked visceral organs of cattle in the region, a systematic and rigorous inspection of the MLNs in slaughtered cattle would be useful to reduce human infection risk. 84 Special Histopathologic changes of Non-tumoral Breast Tissue in Patients with Invasive Carcinoma of Breast abbasi fariba o abbasi ata p hazrati zahra o Associated Professor of Pathology, Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran p Assistant Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Resident of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 116 120 04 05 2019 Background and aim:  Various studies have shown increased relative risk for breast cancer in patients with different kinds of non-malignant breast diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate histologic changes in non-tumoral areas of mastectomy specimens of patients with breasts cancer. Methods: 232 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were enrolled. Histopathology slides of all 232 cases were evaluated by light microscopy for tumor type, size and grade, lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion and also benign changes of nontumoral breast tissue including hyperplasia, inflammation, atypia, adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, apocrine metaplasia, lactating change, calcification, fibrosis and cyst formation. Results: We found no significant association between nontumoral changes and histologic subtypes of the tumor. Our results showed that in cases with apocrine metaplasia the frequencies of lymph node involvement and lymphovascular invasion were significantly lower than cases without apocrine metaplasia (p=0.04 and 0.01, respectively). Apocrine metaplasia was also associated with tumor grade. It was more frequent in low grade tumors than high grade ones (p=0.02). Considering Her2 expression, apocrine metaplasia was seen in only 7% (3/43) of Her2 negative cases in contrast to 29.4% (5/17) in Her2 positive cases (p=0.02). Conclusion: It seems that some of the benign nontumoral changes have a probable relationship with breast carcinoma. So we suggest that follow up of the patients with benign breast changes could be useful in preventing or early diagnosis of breast cancer. 86 Special Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Levels and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Hyperthyroidism Bagheri Hamzyan Olia jalhe Khadem Ansari Mohammad Hassan Rasmi Yousef Hasanzadeh-Moghadam Mahsa Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 121 127 12 05 2019 Background & Aims:  Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance conditions play a major role in the incidence and development of hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study is to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as lipid peroxidation index and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hyperthyroid patients compared to control group. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 35 women with hyperthyroidism and 35 healthy women as control group. Measurement of MDA serum levels was performed by Human Malondealdhyde (MDA) ELIZA KIT from Bioassay Chinese Company by ELIZA method, and serum level measurement was performed by GmbH Zellbio from Zellbio German Company using the ELIZA method. Results: The serum MDA concentration in patients with hyperthyroidism (20.59 ± 2.50 nmol/mL) significantly increased (P = 0.001) compared to the control group (9.94 ± 2.12 nmol/mL), while the serum TAC concentration in the hyperthyroid group (0.769 ± 0.145) significantly decreased (P = 0.001) compared to the control group (1.63 ± 0.286). Conclusion: In this study, total antioxidant capacity in patients with hyperthyroidism was reduced compared to control group, and levels of malondialdehyde increased. These findings indicate that the thyroid gland plays an important role in the production of oxidative stress in disease conditions. Therefore, it is recommended that thyroid hormone disorders and oxidative stress be used in the therapeutic strategies of hyperthyroidism. 85 Special A study on the effect of well- being on myocardial infarction patients’ depression and anxiety in Iran Aghakhani Nader Khademvatan Kamal Rahbar Narges Karimi Hamideh Associate professor, Patient Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Professor of Echocardiography, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 1 5 2019 5 2 128 133 08 05 2019 Background & Aims:  As a major health problem in the world, coronary artery diseases include myocardial infarction (MI) that cause the patients experience mental and emotional problems like depression and anxiety at different periods of their hospitalization time that can affect other medical parameters and increase their needs. Spirituality wellbeing can play an important role in their adapting to some of their mental disorders resulted from illness such as depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study tried to determine the efficacy of well- being on myocardial infarction patients’ depression and anxiety in in Urmia, Iran. The patients were studied by a questionnaire, consisted of their demographic characteristics and a Palutzian & Ellison spiritual wellbeing scale. Mean scores of anxiety and depression was evaluated by using a HADS questionnaire. All data analyses with a 5% level of statistical significance were conducted through Software SPSS version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Chi-square). Results: (29.2%) 46 of patients were female and the rest were male. In addition, (37.7%) of them had other chronic disease and (23.9%) 16 of them had lower levels of depression or anxiety, (53.7%) had a higher level of depression or anxiety disorder (borderline) and finally, (22.4%)  of them had a sever level of depression or anxiety problems. (52.2%) of samples had an average spiritual wellbeing level and the rest had a high spiritual wellbeing level. There was a significant relationship between spiritual wellbeing and level of depression and anxiety with level of education, gender and and occupation.  There was a reverse relationship between the effect of spiritual well- being depression and anxiety in myocardial infarction patients (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing plans based on spirituality wellbeing can be a good solution to decrease depression and anxiety in myocardial infarction patients.