Volume 7, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences 2021, 7(4): 207-215 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Akeel Naji H. The Psychosocial and Economic Impact of Uveitis in Iraq. Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences 2021; 7 (4) :207-215
URL: http://ijrabms.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html
URL: http://ijrabms.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html
Lecturer at Alnukhba University, Iraq , hany_akeel2000@yahoo.com
Abstract: (1973 Views)
Background & Aims: Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. This study is aimed to know the psychosocial and economic impacts of uveitis in Iraq.
Materials and Methods: For this Cross-sectional study, 100 surveys were conducted in patients with uveitis. Demographic data and socioeconomic status were recorded. Symptoms, time to diagnosis, treatment, behavior, attitudes, and feelings towards the disease were identified. Data were analyzed using statistical programs. p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.
Results: For conducted 100 surveys, mean age was 45 ± 17.08 years, socioeconomic level ≤ D in 61%, and 54 patients were women. The diagnosis was made at 1.87 ± 2.73 years. They attend an annual appointment for 2.1 ± 2.14 months, more than 1 at emergency room, and hospitalized for 3 to 7 days. They used systemic treatment with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (53%), immunosuppressants (31%), biological therapy (7%), and topical treatment with lubricants (44%), steroids (26%) and surgery (39%). Observed comorbidities included: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus, and nonspecific chronic ulcerative colitis. Complications included visual impairment, cataracts and blindness. Uveitis affected life in 83% of cases, 41% daily, and 49% need care from another person. 79% receive private care, 43% have social security, spending monthly 3,590 ± 2,730.65 pesos on medicines, transportation, medical consultations and studies. These are added with annually absence from work of 8.5 ± 14.56 days, plus 7.0 days of disability or hospitalization. 51% report lack of support to learn about the disease.
Conclusions: This is the first national study that portrays the condition of patients with uveitis and the shortcomings they go through, including the economic and biopsychosocial field. The study elucidates various needs of uveitis patients that could be considered by govrenments. More studies with more study population is recommended to better decision making for needs of uveitis patients.
Materials and Methods: For this Cross-sectional study, 100 surveys were conducted in patients with uveitis. Demographic data and socioeconomic status were recorded. Symptoms, time to diagnosis, treatment, behavior, attitudes, and feelings towards the disease were identified. Data were analyzed using statistical programs. p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.
Results: For conducted 100 surveys, mean age was 45 ± 17.08 years, socioeconomic level ≤ D in 61%, and 54 patients were women. The diagnosis was made at 1.87 ± 2.73 years. They attend an annual appointment for 2.1 ± 2.14 months, more than 1 at emergency room, and hospitalized for 3 to 7 days. They used systemic treatment with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (53%), immunosuppressants (31%), biological therapy (7%), and topical treatment with lubricants (44%), steroids (26%) and surgery (39%). Observed comorbidities included: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus, and nonspecific chronic ulcerative colitis. Complications included visual impairment, cataracts and blindness. Uveitis affected life in 83% of cases, 41% daily, and 49% need care from another person. 79% receive private care, 43% have social security, spending monthly 3,590 ± 2,730.65 pesos on medicines, transportation, medical consultations and studies. These are added with annually absence from work of 8.5 ± 14.56 days, plus 7.0 days of disability or hospitalization. 51% report lack of support to learn about the disease.
Conclusions: This is the first national study that portrays the condition of patients with uveitis and the shortcomings they go through, including the economic and biopsychosocial field. The study elucidates various needs of uveitis patients that could be considered by govrenments. More studies with more study population is recommended to better decision making for needs of uveitis patients.
Type of Study: orginal article |
Subject:
General
References
1. Krishna U, Ajanaku D, Denniston AK, Gkika T. Uveitis:a sight-threatening disease which can impact all systems. Postgrad Med J 2017;93(1106):766-73. [DOI:10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-134891] [PMID]
2. Durrani OM, Meads CA, Murraya PI. Uveitis:a potentially blinding disease. Ophthalmologica 2004;218(4):223-36. [DOI:10.1159/000078612] [PMID]
3. Miserocchi E, Modorati G, Mosconi P, Colucci A, Bandello F. Quality of life in patients with uveitis on chronic systemic immunosuppressive treatment. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2010;18(4):297-304. [DOI:10.3109/09273941003637510] [PMID]
4. Kaleemunnisha S, Sudharshan S, Biswas J. Quality of life in non infectious uveitis patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2014;21(3):225-31. [DOI:10.4103/0974-9233.134675] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Gui W, Dombrow M, Marcus I, Stowe MH, Tessier-Sherman B, Yang E, et al. Quality of life in patients with noninfectious uveitis treated with or without systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2015;23(2):135-43. [DOI:10.3109/09273948.2013.874445] [PMID]
6. Nelson WW, Rice JB, White AG, Johnson M, Reiff J, Lima AF, et al. Predictors of high-cost patients with noninfectious inflammatory eye diseases. ClinTher 2019;41(11):2331-42. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.09.011] [PMID]
7. Hui MM, Wakefield D, Patel I, Cvejic E, McCluskey PJ, Chang JH. Visual functioning and health-related quality-of-life are compromised in patients with uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017;25(4):486-91. [DOI:10.3109/09273948.2016.1139734] [PMID]
8. Missaka RFBG, Souto FMS, Albornoz NCA, Gaspar Carvalho da Silva FTB, Lavezzo MM, Oyamada MK, et al. Self-reported quality of life in patients with long-standing Vogt-Koyanag-Harada disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019;28:1-12. [DOI:10.1080/09273948.2019.1595672] [PMID]
9. Fernández-Ortega MA. El impacto de la enfermedad en la familia. Rev Fac Med UNAM 2004:47(6):251-4. [Google Scholar]
10. Haasnoot AJW, Sint Jago NFM, Tekstra J, de Boer JH. Impact of uveitis on quality of life in adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2017;69(12):1895-902. [DOI:10.1002/acr.23224] [PMID]
11. Alkuraishy M, Al-Gareeb I, Al-hussaniy HA. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: molecular mechanism and protection by conventional drugs and natural products. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res 2017; 2(2), 31-44. [ResearchGate]
12. Bajwa A, LeeCS, Patrie J, Xin W, Reddy AK. Clinical and visual outcomes of patients with uveitis in the mid-Atlantic United States. Clin Opthalmol 2015;8:1555-64. [DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S88647] [PMID] [PMCID]
13. Rodriguez Gonzáles MA, Ramírez Aranda JM, de los Santos Reséndiz H, Lara Duarte MY, Pazaran Zanella SO, Méndez López JF, et al. Health care utilization of mexican patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms. Colomb Med 2016;47(3):155-9. [DOI:10.25100/cm.v47i3.2102]
14. IMSS. Estadísticas e informes [Internet]. Gobierno de México, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [Fecha de consulta 11 de febrero del 2020]. (Article in Spanish). Disponible en:http://www.imss.gob.mx/imss-bienestar/estadisticas
15. IMSS. Anuarios estadísticos [Internet]. Gobierno de México, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [Fecha de consulta 11 de febrero del 2020]. (Article in Spanish). Disponible en:https://www.gob.mx/issste/documentos/anuarios-estadisticos [Address]
16. Sistema de protección Social en Salud. Informe de resultados enero-diciembre 2018 [Internet]. Gobierno de México, Secretaría de Salud, Seguro Popular [Fecha de consulta 11 de febrero del 2020]. (Article in Spanish). Disponible en:http://www.transparencia.seguro-popular.gob.mx/contenidos/archivos/transparencia/planesprogramaseinformes/informes/2018/IR%20Integrado%20(25-01-2019).v.final.pdf
17. Lazcano-Gomez G, Ramos-Cadena ML, Torres-Tamayo M, Hernández de Oteyza A, Turati-Acosta M, Jiménez-Román J. Cost of glaucoma treatment in a developing country over a 5-year period. Medicine 2016;95(47):e5341. [DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000005341] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Kobelt G, Richard B, Plesnilla C, Buchholz P, Brezin A, Heron E, Labetoulle M, Sahel J, Bodaghi B. Evaluation of the Cost of Uveitis Treatment:One Year Analysis From a Retrospective Chart Review in France. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci 2008;49(13):4985. [Address]
19. Adán-Civera AM, Benítez-del-Castillo JM, Blanco-Alonso R, Pato-Cour E, Sellas-Fernández A, Bañares-Cañizares A. Carga y costes directos de la uveítis no infecciosa en España.Reumatol Clin 2015;12(4):196-200. [DOI:10.1016/j.reuma.2015.08.004] [PMID]
20. Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treadment (MUST) Trail Follow-up Study Research Group. Quality of life and risks associated with systemic anti-inflammatory therapy versus fluocinolone acetonide intraocular implant for intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis. Fifty-four-month result of the the multicenter uveitis steroid treatment Trial and follow-up study. Ophthalmology 2015;122(10):1976-86. [DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.06.043] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Dick A, Tundia N, Sorg R, Zhao C, Chao J, Joshi A, et al. Risk of ocular complications in patients with noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis. Ophthalmology 2016;123(3):655-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.028] [PMID]
22. Rothova A, Suttorp-van Schulten MS, Frits Treffers W, Kijlstra A. Causes and frequency of blindness in patiens with intraocular inflammatory disease. Br J Ophtalmol 1996;80(4):332-6. [DOI:10.1136/bjo.80.4.332] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Singh DK, Magrey M. Racial differences in clinical features and co-morbidities in ankylosing spondylitis in the United States. J Rheumatol 2020;47(6):835-8. [DOI:10.3899/jrheum.181019] [PMID]
24. Squires H, Poku E, Bermejo I, Cooper K, Stevens J, Hamilton J, et al. A systematic review and economic evaluation of adalimumab and dexamethasone for treating non-infectius intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis or panuveitis in adults. Health Technol Assess 2017;21(68):1-170. [DOI:10.3310/hta21680] [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Chi CC, Tung TH, Wang J, Lin YS, Chen YF, Hsu TK, et al. Risk of uveitis among people with psoriasis a nationwide cohort study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017;135(5):415-22. [DOI:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.0569] [PMID] [PMCID]
26. Bello-Chavolla OY, Rojas-Martinez R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Hernández-Avila M. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Mexico. Nutr Rev 2017;75(1):4-12. [DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuw030] [PMID]
27. Tan P, Koh YT, Wong PY, Teoh SC. Evaluation of the impact of uveitis on visual-related quality of life. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012;20(6):453-9. [DOI:10.3109/09273948.2012.723781] [PMID]
28. Navarro Rubio MD, Gálvez Hernández P, González de Paz L, Virumbrales Cancio M, Borrás Santos A, Santesmases Masana R, et al. Desarrollo de materiales educativos para pacientes crónicos y familiares. Educ Med 2019;20(6):341-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.edumed.2018.03.020]
29. Dean S, Mathers JM, Calvert M, Kyte DK, Conroy D, Folkard A, et al. "The patient is speaking":discovering the patient voice in ophthalmology Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101:700-8. [DOI:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309955] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Al kuraishy, H. M., Al gareeb, A. LI. I., & Naji, H. A. Febuxostat modulates oxidative and apoptotic pathways in acute doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity: an experimental animal model study. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2019; 12(4), 73-6 [DOI:10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31162]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Contact Information
Address: Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Ave., Urmia, I.R. Iran. Post code: 57147-83734. P.O. Box. 1138
Email: ijrabms
gmail.com
rabmsumsu.ac.ir
Tel / Fax: +984431937332/+984432240642
